The ESE devices are lightning attracts, and in that sense, their purpose is the same as that of conventional “lightning rods.” ESE devices, however, differ from conventional lightning rods in that they are equipped in some fashion to increase the efficiency of lightning attraction and thereby to extend the effective range of protection over and above that of conventional lightning rods.

An early streamer emission air terminal differs from a conventional air terminal or lightning rod in that it is equipped with a device that supposedly enhances the probability of initiating an upward propagating discharge (streamer) to connect with the downward propagating leader of a lightning stroke. Hence enhancing the lightning catching ability.

• Purpose: ESE devices serve as lightning attractors, similar to conventional lightning rods.
• Enhanced Efficiency: Unlike conventional lightning rods, ESE devices are equipped to increase the efficiency of lightning attraction.
• Extended Protection: ESE devices provide a greater effective range of protection compared to conventional lightning rods.
• Advanced Design: ESE air terminals enhance the probability of initiating an upward propagating discharge (streamer).
• Improved Connectivity: This feature allows ESE devices to better connect with the downward propagating leader of a lightning stroke, enhancing lightning-catching ability.

Surge protective device (SPD) is the IEC term given to a device intended to limit transient voltages and divert surge current.

There are 3 types of SPD depending on their installation area:

• Type 2 SPD:
  • Main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations.
  • Installed in each electrical switchboard to prevent the spread of overvoltages.
  • Protects loads in the electrical installations.
  • Characterized by an 8/20 µs current wave.